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Jaca, Diocese of - Located in the Spanish province of Huesca. Jaca, the chief town of the mountain district of Sobrarbe
Jackson, Henry Moore - Knight, born in Grenada, 1849; died in London, 29 August, 1908
Jacob - The son of Isaac and Rebecca, third great patriarch of the chosen people, and the immediate ancestor of the twelve tribes of Israel
Jacob of Jüterbogk - Theologian and canonist, born of poor parents near Jueterbogk, Brandenburg, Germany, 1381; died at Erfurt in 1465
Jacobus de Teramo - Canonist and bishop, born in 1349 at Teramo in Italy; died in 1417 in Poland
Jacopo de Voragine, Blessed - Became a Dominican at a very early age, was a renowned preacher, provincial, and then Archbishop of Genoa. He died in about 1298. Biographical article
Jacopone da Todi - More properly called Jacopo Benedetti. Biographical article on the lawyer, widower, Franciscan poet sympathetic to the Spirituals, who died about 1306
Jacotot, Joseph - French educator, b. at Dijon, March, 1770; d. at Paris, 30 July, 1840
Jacques de Vitry - Historian of the crusades, cardinal Bishop of Acre, later of Tusculum, b. at Vitry-sur-Seine, near Paris, probably about 1160; d. at Rome, 1240
Jacquier, François - French mathematician and physicist, born at Vitry-le-Francois, 7 June, 1711; died at Rome, 3 July, 1788
Jaén - Diocese in Southern Spain
Jaenbert - Thirteenth Archbishop of Canterbury; died at Canterbury 11 or 12 August, 791
Jaffa - A titular see in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem
Jaffna, Diocese of - Situated in the northern portion of Ceylon, Jaffna comprises the northern and north-central provinces of the island
Jainism - A form of religion intermediate between Brahminism and Buddhism, originated in India in pre-Christian times
Jamaica - The largest of the British West Indian islands, situated in the Caribbean Sea
Jamay, Denis - Franciscan, missionary, date and place of birth unknown; died in France, 1625; an important figure in the early history of the Church in Canada
James, Epistle of Saint - The author is commonly identified with the Lord's brother, the Bishop of Jerusalem; the view that the Lord's brother must be identified with James, the son of Alpheus, is by far the most probable
James of Brescia - Theologian of the fifteenth century
James of Edessa - A celebrated Syrian writer, b. most likely in A.D. 633; d. 5 June, 708
James of Sarugh - A writer of the Syrian Church
James of the Marches, Saint - Surnamed Gangala, civil lawyer, Franciscan priest, d. 1476
James Primadicci - Born at Bologna; died in the same city in 1460
James the Greater, Saint - What can be known of St. James, son of Zebedee and brother of John, from Scripture. Also discusses the tradition that St. James preached in Spain and that his body was translated to Compostela
James the Less, Saint - Identifies James the Less with James the Apostle, son of Alpheus, and with James the brother of the Lord
James Thompson, Blessed - Also called James Hudson. Priest who was imprisoned and then martyred at York in 1582
Janauschek, Leopold - Cistercian, born at Bruenn, Moravia, 13 October, 1827; died 23 July, 1898, at Baden, near Vienna
Jandel, Alexandre Vincent - General of the Dominican order, born at Gerbevilliers (Lorraine), 18 July, 1810; died at Rome, 11 December, 1872
Jane Frances de Chantal, Saint - Biography of the widowed baroness, mother, founder of the Congregation of the Visitation, who died in 1641
Janner, Ferdinand - Theologian, born at Hirschau, in the Upper Palatinate (Bavaria), 4 Feb., 1836; died 1 November, 1895
Janow, Matthew of - A medieval ecclesiastical author, born in the fourteenth century in Bohemia; died at Prague, 30 Nov., 1394
Jansen, Cornelius - Exegete, born at Hulst, Flanders, 1510; died at Ghent, 11 April, 1576
Jansenius and Jansenism - The subject of this article lived three-quarters of a century later than his namesake. He was born 28 October, 1585, of a Catholic family, in the village of Accoi, near Leerdam, Holland; died at Ypres, 6 May, 1638
Janssen, Arnold - Short biography of the founder of the Society of the Divine Word
Janssen, Johann - Historian, born 10 April, 1829, at Xanten, Germany; died 24 December, 1891, at Frankfort-on-the-Main
Janssens, Abraham - Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp about 1573; d. probably in the same place about 1631
Janssens, Johann Hermann - Catholic theologian, b. at Maeseyck, Belgium, 7 Dec., 1783; d. at Engis, 23 May, 1853
Januarius, Saint - Bishop of Beneventum, martyr, believed to have died in the Diocletian persecution, c. 305. Article has a lengthy discussion of the liquefaction of the saint's blood
Japan - Called in the language of the country Nihon or Nippon (Land of the Rising Sun), and Dai Nihon or Dai Nippon (Great Japan), situated northwest of the Pacific Ocean and east of the Asiatic continent
Japanese Martyrs - The most famous of the Japanese martyrs are the twenty-six who were crucified in Nagasaki in 1597, but thousands of other Japanese died for the faith between 1560 and 1860
Jarcke, Karl Ernst - Born 10 November, 1801, at Danzig, Prussia; died 27 December, 1852, at Vienna. He belonged to a Protestant merchant family. He took up the study of jurisprudence, and became at an early age professor of criminal law at Bonn and later in Berlin
Jaricot, Pauline-Marie - Foundress of the Society of the Propagation of the Faith and the Association of the Living Rosary, born at Lyons, 22 July, 1799; died there, 9 January, 1862
Jarlath, Saint - Studied under St. Benen, founded a college at Cloonfush, was noted for his fasting, died about 540
Jaro - Diocese in the Philippine Islands, formerly a part of the Diocese of Cebu, was made a separate diocese on 27 May, 1865
Jarric, Pierre de - Missionary writer, born at Toulouse in 1566; d. at Saintes, 2 March, 1617
Jason - A Greek name adopted by many Jews whose Hebrew designation was Joshua (Jesus). In the Old Testament, it is applied to three or four persons connected with the period of the Machabees
Jassus - A titular see of Caria, and suffragan of Aphrodisias
Jassy - Diocese in Rumania
Jáuregui, Juan de - A Spanish painter and poet, born at Seville c. 1570, or, according to some, as late as 1583; died at Madrid c. 1640-1
Javouhey, Venerable Anne-Marie - Founder of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, missionary to Africa and South America, d. 1851
Jealousy - Taken to be synonymous with envy
Jean de La Bruyère - Born at Paris in 1645; died at Chantilly in 1696. He was the son of a comptroller general of municipal revenue
Jean Eudes, Blessed - French missionary, religious founder, writer, d. 1680
Jean-Baptiste-Marie Vianney, Saint - The Cure of Ars, d. 1869
Jean-Gabriel Perboyre, Blessed - Vincentian priest, missionary to China, where he was tortured and martyred in 1840
Jeanne de Valois, Saint - Biography of St. Jeanne, also known as Jehanne de France or Jane of Valois, queen, founder of the Annonciades. She died in 1505
Jeaurat, Edmond - French engraver, b. at Vermenton, near Auxerre, 1688; d. at Paris, 1738
Jedburgh - Augustinian abbey, in the town of the same name, established as a priory by David I, King of Scots, in 1118, and colonized by Canons Regular of St. Augustine from the Abbey of St-Quentin, at Beauvais, France
Jehoshaphat - Fourth King of Juda after the schism of the Ten Tribes
Jehoshaphat, Valley of - Mentioned in only one passage of the Bible (Joel, iii-Heb. text, iv)
Jehovah - Proper name of God in the Old Testament
Jehu - The derivation of the name is uncertain. By some it is translated 'Yahweh is he'. Several by this name are noted in the article
Jemez Pueblo - An Indian pueblo situated upon the north bank of the river of the same name about twenty miles northwest of Bernalillo, New Mexico
Jeningen, Venerable Philipp - Born at Eichstaett, Bavaria, 5 January, 1642;d, at Ellwangen, 8 February, 1704. Entering the Society of Jesus, 19 January, 1663, he became a most successful popular missionary at the shrine of Our Lady of Schoenenberg, near Ellwangen in Swabia
Jenks, Silvester - Theologian, born in Shropshire, c. 1656; died in December, 1714
Jennings, Sir Patrick Alfred - An Australian statesman, b. at Newry, Ireland, 1831; d. July, 1897
Jephte - One of the judges of Israel. The story of Jephte is narrated in chapters xi and xii of the Book of Judges
Jeremias - Name of several Old Testament figures
Jeremias the Prophet - Background information on his era. His life and mission. Analysis of the Biblical book which bears his name
Jericho - Three cities of this name have successively occupied sites in the same neighbourhood
Jeroboam - Name of two Israelitish kings
Jerome, Saint - Lengthy article on the life and works of St. Jerome
Jerome Emiliani, Saint - Soldier, priest, founder of the Order of Somascha, d. 1537
Jerusalem (Before A.D. 71) - This article deals with the destruction by the Romans after it had become the scene of the Redemption
Jerusalem (71-1099) - History in several periods to the first crusade
Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of (1099-1291) - Founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin in 1187, it was re-established around Saint-Jean d'Acre and maintained until the capture of that city in 1291
Jerusalem (After 1291) - The Latin dominion over Jerusalem really came to an end on 2 October, 1187, when the city opened its gates to Saladin (Yusuf ibn Ayyub, Salah-ed-din, Emir of Egypt, 1169-93); although fragments of the Latin kingdom in Palestine lasted into another century
Jerusalem, Assizes of - The code of laws enacted by the Crusaders for the government of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Liturgy of - The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch
Jesi - Diocese in the Province of Ancona, Italy, immediately subject to the Holy See
Jesu Dulcis Memoria - A poem ranging from forty two to fifty three stanzas (in various manuscripts), to form the three hymns of the Office of the Holy Name
Jesuits, The - Comprehensive information about the past of the Jesuit order
Jesuit Apologetic - The accusations brought against the Society have been exceptional for their frequency and fierceness
Jesuit Generals Prior to the Suppression - Details of several who held the position
Jesuits, Distinguished - A list without details of the Jesuits. Does include links to articles when there is one about the person
Jesuits, History of the (pre-1750) - Includes details of activities in various countries
Jesuits, Suppression of the (1750-1773) - The most difficult part of the history of the Society
Jesuits, History of the (1773-1814) - The execution of the Brief of Suppression having been largely left to local bishops, there was room for a good deal of variety in the treatment the Jesuits might receive in different places
Jesuits, History of the (1814-1912) - Pius VII had resolved to restore the Society during his captivity in France; and after his return to Rome he did so with little delay
Jesuit's Bark - On account of its alkaloids, is the most celebrated specific remedy for all forms of malaria
Jesus Christ - The incarnate Son of God and the redeemer of the human race
Jesus Christ, Character of - The surpassing eminence of the character of Jesus has been acknowledged by men of the most varied type
Jesus Christ, Chronology of the Life of - Includes absolute and relative chronologies
Jesus Christ, Devotion to the Heart of - Description, spiritual significance, and historical background of devotion to the Sacred Heart
Jesus Christ, Early Historical Documents on - Divided into three classes: pagan sources, Jewish sources, and Christian sources
Jesus Christ, Genealogy of - Offers the genealogy according to Saint Matthew and Saint Luke
Jesus Christ, Holy Name of - Reverence for the name of Jesus is not optional for believers. Article highlights the Scriptural reasons, and describes some customary ways of showing reverence
Jesus Christ, Knowledge of - 'Knowledge of Jesus Christ,' as used in this article, does not mean a summary of what we know about Jesus Christ, but a survey of the intellectual endowment of Christ
Jesus Christ, Origin of the Name of - Article examines the name Jesus and Christ separately
Jesus Christ, Resurrection of - Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of life
Jesus, Daughters of - Founded at Kermaria, in the Diocese of Vannes, France, in 1834, for the care of the sick poor, and the education of girls
Jesus and Mary, Sisters of the Holy Childhood of - Several groups detailed
Jesus Mary, Religious of - Founded at Lyons, France, in October, 1818, by Claudine Thevenet, in religion, Mother St. Ignatius
Jesus, The Society of - Comprehensive information about the past of the Jesuit order
Jewish Calendar - Details include days, weeks, months, years, and eras
Jewish Tribe - The earlier Hebrew term rendered in English versions by the word 'tribe' is shebet, while the term matteh, prevails in the post-exilic writings
Jews (as a Religion) - Judaism designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians
Jews, History of the - Of the two terms, Jews and Judaism, the former denotes usually the Israelites or descendants of Jacob (Israel) in contrast to Gentile races; the latter, the creed and worship of the Jews in contrast to Christianity and others
Jezabel - Wife of Achab, King of Israel
Jíbaro Indians - An important tribal group of Ecuador, comprising a great number of small subtribes speaking a common language with dialectic variants, and together constituting a distinct linguistic stock
Joachim, Saint - According to apocryphal literature, the father of Mary
Joachim of Flora - Article on this Cistercian abbot, mystic, regarded as a prophet, d. 1202
Joan, Popess - The fable about a female pope, who afterwards bore the name of Johanna (Joan), is first noticed in the middle of the thirteenth century
Joanna of Portugal, Blessed - Princess, Dominican, d. 1490
Joannes de Sacrobosco - John Holywood, a monk of English origin, lived in the first half of the thirteenth century as professor of astronomy at Paris; died in that city, 1256
Joan of Arc, Saint - Her brief life, her trial and death, swift rehabilitation, and her beatification in 1909
Job - One of the books of the Old Testament, and the chief personage in it
Jocelin - Cistercian monk and Bishop of Glasgow; d. at Melrose Abbey in 1199
Jocelin de Brakelond - An English chronicler, of the late twelfth century
Jocelin of Wells - Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 19 Nov., 1242
Joel - Profile of the Old Testament prophet and analysis of the book bearing his name
Joest, Jan - Dutch painter, b. at Calcker, or Calcar, about 1460; d. at Haarlem in 1519
Jogues, Saint Isaac - French Jesuit missionary to Canada, martyred in 1646
John I, Pope Saint - A Tuscan, was warmly received in Constantinople, but upon his return to Rome, was imprisoned by King Theodoric. Pope John died in prison in 526
John II, Pope - A Roman and the son of Projectus; if not born in the second region (Coelimontium) he had at least been a priest of St. Clement's Basilica
John III, Pope - A Roman surnamed Catelinus, d. 13 July, 574
John IV, Pope - A native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius
John V, Pope - A Syrian whose father was one Cyriacus; when he was born is not known; d. 2 August, 686
John VI, Pope - A Greek, the date of whose birth is unknown; d. 11 January, 705
John VII, Pope - Reigned 705-707
John VIII, Pope - Reigned 872-82
John IX, Pope - Reigned 898-900
John X, Pope - Born at Tossignano, Romagna; enthroned, 914; died at Rome, 928
John XI, Pope - Reigned 931-935
John XII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; reigned 955-64
John XIII, Pope - Date of birth unknown; enthroned on 1 Oct., 965; d. 6 Sept., 972
John XIV, Pope - After the death of Benedict VII, Bishop Peter Campanora of Pavia, earlier imperial chancellor of Italy, was elected pope with the consent of Emperor Otto II, and took the name of John
John XV (XVI), Pope - Enthroned 985; d. April, 996
John XVI (XVII) - Antipope 997-998; d. probably in 1013
John XVII (XVIII), Pope - Date of birth unknown; d. 6 Nov., 1003
John XVIII (XIX), Pope - Successor of John XVII, consecrated Christmas, 1003; d. June, 1009
John XIX (XX), Pope - Enthroned in 1024; d. 1032
John XXI (XX), Pope - Born at Lisbon between 1210 and 1220; enthroned, 1276; died at Viterbo, 20 May, 1277
John XXII, Pope - Born at Cahors in 1249; enthroned, 5 September, 1316; died at Avignon, 4 December, 1334
John XXIII - Antipope (1370-1419)
John, Epistles of - Three canonical books of the New Testament written by the Apostle St. John
John, Gospel of - According to the traditional order, the Gospel of St. John occupies the last place among the four canonical Gospels
John and Cyrus, Saints - Companions in life and in martyrdom. Beheaded in the Diocletian persecution
John and Paul, Saints - Roman martyrs, c. 362
John Baptist de la Salle, Saint - Essay on the founder of the Christian Brothers
John Baptist de Rossi, Saint - Priest, canon, preacher, d. 1764
John Beche, Blessed - Benedictine abbot. When Beche refused to grant that the king had any authority to confiscate St. John's Abbey, Colchester, he was thrown in the Tower on charges of treason. Though weak, he gained the crown of martyrdom in 1539
John Berchmans, Saint - Biography of this Jesuit, always pious, who died in 1621 at the age of 22
John Bosco, Saint - Commonly called Don Bosco or John Bosco. Founder of the Salesians, d. 1888
John Boste, Saint - Or John Boast. Priest, martyred at Durham in 1594. One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
John Britton, Venerable - Also called John Bretton. Short biography of the layman and martyr
John Buckley, Venerable - Alias John Jones. Welsh Franciscan priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1598
John Cantius, Saint - Polish priest, professor of Sacred Scripture, d. 1473
John Capistran, Saint - Lawyer, governor, ambassador, became a Franciscan priest and a renowned preacher, died in 1456
John Chrysostom, Saint - Long biographical article on this bishop and Doctor of the Church
John Climacus, Saint - Sometimes called Scholasticus or the Sinaita. Article on the sixth-century Syrian abbot of Mt. Sinai. He is called 'Climacus' because he wrote the spiritual classic 'The Ladder of Divine Ascent,' 'Klimax' being the Greek for 'ladder.'
John Colombini, Blessed - Sienese husband and father whose life was transformed by reading the life of St. Mary of Egypt. Founder of the Jesuati. He died in 1367
John Cornelius and Companions, Venerable - Cornelius, born of Irish parents in Cornwall, studied for the priesthood at Reims. For 10 years he worked as a missionary in England till he was martyred in 1594 for being a Catholic priest, and three companions were also martyred for aiding him
John Damascene, Saint - Lengthy biographical article on the last of the Greek Fathers
John de Britto, Blessed - Portuguese Jesuit missionary to India, martyr, d. 1693
John Felton, Blessed - Arrested, imprisoned, and tortured for having attached a copy of the papal bull excommunicating the queen to the Bishop of London's door. He died a martyr in 1570
John Fisher, Saint - Cardinal, Bishop of Rochester, martyr, d. 1535
John Forest, Blessed - English Franciscan, served as confessor to Queen Catherine, was burned at the stake at Smithfield in 1538
John Francis Regis, Saint - Jesuit priest and missionary, d. 1640
John Hambley, Venerable - More than once this priest offered to conform to the state-mandated religion, but at last he died a martyr
John Ingram, Venerable - English priest, tortured and twice imprisoned, martyred in 1594
John Joseph of the Cross, Saint - Italian Franciscan priest, had the gift of miracles, d. 1739
John Larke, Blessed - Parish priest and friend of St. Thomas More. Martyred at Tyburn in 1543 or 1544, along with another priest (Bl. John Ireland) and the layman Bl. German Gardiner
John Malalas - A Monophysite Byzantine chronicler of the sixth century
John Nelson, Blessed - Jesuit priest, martyred at Tyburn in 1577 or 1578
John Nepomucene, Saint - Biography of the vicar general of the Archdiocese of Prague, who was tortured and then thrown into the Moldau and drowned, by order of King Wenceslaus IV, in 1393
John of Antioch - There are four persons commonly known by this name
John of Avila, Blessed - Priest, preacher, author, d. 1569
John of Beverley, Saint - Benedictine bishop of Hexham and later of York, monastic founder, d. 721
John of Biclaro - Chronicler, born in Portugal, probably about the middle of the sixth century; died after 621
John of Cornwall - Lived about 1176. Author of a treatise written against the doctrine of Abelard
John of Ephesus - Syriac historian, born at Amida (Diarbekir, on the upper Tigris), about 505; d. about 585
John of Falkenberg - Author, b. at Falkenberg, Pomerania, Prussia, date unknown; d. about 1418 in Italy
John of Fécamp - Ascetic writer, b. near Ravenna about the beginning of the eleventh century; d. at Fecamp, Normandy, 22 February, 1079
John of Fermo, Blessed - Also known as John of La Verna. Franciscan, a friend of Jacopone of Todi. John died in 1322
John of Genoa - Grammarian; born at Genoa, date unknown; died there about 1298
John of God, Saint - Portuguese shepherd, soldier, bookseller, finally found his niche caring for the health of the poor in Granada, became de facto founder of a religious order, d. 1550
John of Hauteville - Moralist and satirical poet of the twelfth century (flourished about 1184)
John of Janduno - An Averroistic philosopher, theologian, and political writer of the fourteenth century
John of Montecorvino - A Franciscan and founder of the Catholic mission in China, b. at Montecorvino in Southern Italy, in 1246; d. at Peking, in 1328
John of Montesono - Theologian and controversialist, born at Monzon, Spain; dates of birth and death unknown
John of Nikiû - An Egyptian chronicler who flourished in the latter part of the seventh century
John of Paris - Theologian and controversialist; born at Paris, date unknown; died at Bordeaux, 22 September, 1306
John of Parma, Blessed - Franciscan, professor of theology, Minister General, peacemaker, d. 1289
John of Ragusa - Dominican theologian (1380-1443)
John of Roquetaillade (de Rupescissa) - Franciscan alchemist, date of birth unknown; d. probably at Avignon, 1362
John of Rupella - Franciscan theologian, b. at La Rochelle (Rupella), towards the end of the twelfth century
John of Sahagun, Saint - Spanish canon, became an Augustinian hermit, d. 1479
John of Saint Thomas - Theologian, born at Lisbon, 9 June, 1589; died at Fraga, Spain, 17 June, 1644
John of Salisbury - Article on the life and thought of this medieval philosopher, by P. Coffey
John of Segovia - A Spanish theologian, b. at Segovia towards the end of the fourteenth century; d. probably in 1458
John of the Cross, Saint - Article on the life and teaching of this Discalced Carmelite associated with St. Teresa of Avila. Mystic, Doctor of the Church, d. 1591
John of Victring - Chronicler, b. probably between 1270 and 1280; d. at Victring, Austria, 12 November, 1347
John of Winterthur - Historian, born about 1300 at Winterthur (Switzerland); died subsequently to 1348, probably at Zurich
John Parvus - A French theologian and professor in the University of Paris; b. most likely at Brachy, Caux, in Normandy, and certainly in the Diocese of Rouen, about 1360; d. 15 July, 1411
John Payne, Blessed - English priest, tortured and martyred on completely fabricated charges of conspiracy to murder the queen. Executed in 1582
John Rigby, Saint - Rigby, an unmarried layman, appeared in court on behalf of his employer's daughter and admitted that he was himself a Catholic. He was martyred in 1600
John Roberts, Saint - A Welsh Benedictine, the first prior of Downside, was arrested six times, exiled four times, and finally martyred at Tyburn in 1610
John Rochester, Blessed - Brief biography of this English Carthusian priest and martyr, d. 1537
John Sarkander, Blessed - This priest was tortured for refusing to break the seal of confession, and died in prison in 1620
John Scholasticus - Patriarch of Constantinople, the author of an important collection of ecclesiastical laws; b. at Sirimis near Antioch; d. 577
John Shert, Blessed - Very brief biographical profile of the English priest, martyred in 1581
Johnston, Richard Malcolm - Educator, author, b. 8 March, 1822, at Powellton, Georgia, U.S.A.; d. at Baltimore, Maryland, 23 September, 1898
John Stone, Blessed - English Augustinian friar, martyred probably in 1539
John Story, Blessed - Or Storey. Member of Parliament, was arrested but escaped and became a Spanish subject. Kidnapped in Flanders, he was carried to the Tower, where he was tortured repeatedly. Died a martyr in 1571
John Talaia - Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria (481-482) at the time of the Monophysite troubles
John the Almsgiver, Saint - Also called John Eleemosynarius. Patriarch of Alexandria, d. 616
John the Baptist, Saint - Lengthy article on the Precursor
John the Deacon - Article about four historians of the Middle Ages who bear this name
John the Evangelist, Saint - Brother of James and son of Zebedee
John the Faster - Patriarch of Constantinople (John IV, 582-595), famous chiefly through his assumption of the title 'ecumenical patriarch'; d. 2 September, 595
John the Silent, Saint - Or John Hesychastes. Monk, runaway bishop of Colonia, hermit, d. 558
John Twenge, Saint - Canon regular, prior of St. Mary's, Bridlington. Miracle-worker, d. 1379
Johnson, Lionel Pigot - Born at Broadstairs on the Kentish coast, 15 Mar., 1867; died 4 Oct., 1902
Johnson, Blessed Robert - English priest and martyr (d. 1581)
Johnson, Blessed Thomas - The last of nine London Carthusians to die of starvation in prison in 1537. He died 20 September, after nearly 5 months of barbaric treatment
Joinville, Jean, Sire de - Seneschal of Champagne, historian, b. in 1225; d. at Joinville, 1317
Joliet, Louis - A discoverer and the son of a wagon-maker, was born at Quebec, Canada, on 21 September 1645; d. in Canada, May 1700
Joliette - Diocese created by Pius X, 27 January, 1904 by division of the Archdiocese of Montreal; comprises three counties, Joliette, Berthier, and Montcalm, with four parishes of L'Assomption County
Jolly, Philipp Johann Gustav von - German physicist, born at Mannheim, 26 September, 1809; died at Munich, 24 December, 1884
Jonah - The fifth of the Minor Prophets. Article takes a look at the Book of Jonah
Jonas - The fifth of the Minor Prophets. Article takes a look at the Book of Jonah
Jonas of Bobbio - Monk and hagiographer, b. about the close of the sixth century at Sigusia (Susa) in Piedmont; d. after 659
Jonas of Orléans - Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, born in Aquitaine; died in 843 or 844
Jonathan - Name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament
Jones, Venerable Edward - Welsh convert to Catholicism. Became a priest. He was martyred in 1590. Article also has some information on his fellow martyr Anthony Middleton
Jones, Inigo - A biography with references of the London-born architect who drew his inspiration from the Classical forms of Italy
Jordan, The - Formed at a point about five and a half miles below Banias, by the junction of three streams, the Jordan enters Lake Huleh about nine and a third miles lower down
Jordanis - Historian, lived about the middle of the sixth century in the Eastern Roman Empire
Jordanus of Giano - Italian Minorite, b. at Giano in the Valley of Spoleto, c. 1195; d. after 1262
Jörg, Joseph Edmund - Historian and politician, b. 23 Dec., 1819 at Immenstadt (Ahgau); d. at Landshut, 18 Nov., 1901
Jornandes - Historian, lived about the middle of the sixth century in the Eastern Roman Empire
Josaphat - Fourth King of Juda after the schism of the Ten Tribes
Josaphat, Valley of - Mentioned in only one passage of the Bible (Joel, iii-Heb. text, iv)
Josaphat and Barlaam - Main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend. Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing. Although Barlaam and Josaphat are included in the Roman Martyrology and in the Greek calendar, the story is actually a Christianized version of a legend about Buddha
Josaphat Kuncevyc, Saint - Lithuanian-born Basilian monk and Ruthenian Rite archbishop of Polotsk, writer. He loved to make profound bows while reciting the Jesus Prayer. Martyred in 1623
Joseph, Saint - Information on the entire life of St. Joseph
Joseph - The eleventh son of Jacob, the firstborn of Rachel, and the immediate ancestor of the tribes of Manasses and Ephraim
Joseph Calasanctius, Saint - Priest, founder of the Piarists, d. 1648
Joseph Calasanctius of the Mother of God, Pious Workers of Saint - Founded at Vienna, 24 November, 1889, by Father Anton Maria Schwartz for all works of charity, but especially the apostolate among workingmen
Joseph of Arimathea - All that is known for certain concerning him is derived from the canonical Gospels
Joseph of Cupertino, Saint - Mystic from a very young age, priest, d. 1663. Biographical article
Joseph of Exeter - A twelfth-century Lain poet; b. at Exeter, England
Joseph of Issachar - A man of the tribe of Issachar, and the father of Igal who was one of the spies sent by Moses to traverse Chanaan and report on the country (Numbers 13:8)
Joseph of Leonessa, Saint - Capuchin missionary, confessor, d. 1612
Joseph II - German Emperor (reigned 1765-90), of the House of Hapsburg-Lorraine, son and successor of Maria Theresa and Francis I
Joseph, Sisters of Saint - Founded at Le Puy, in Velay, France, by the Rev. Jean-Paul Medaille of the Society of Jesus
Josephites - A congregation devoted to the Christian education of youth, founded in the Diocese of Ghent (Belgium) by Canon van Crombrugghe, in 1817
Joseph's Society for Colored Missions, Saint - This organization began its labours in 1871, when four young priests from Mill Hill were put in charge of St. Francis Xavier's church, with a large congregation of black Catholics, in Baltimore. Other black missions were soon begun at Louisville, Charleston, Washington, Richmond, Norfolk, and other places in the South
Joseph's Society for Foreign Missions, Saint - A society of priests and laymen whose object is to labour for the conversion of heathens in foreign countries
Josephus, Flavius - Jewish historian, born A.D. 37, at Jerusalem; died about 101
Joshua - The name of eight persons in the Old Testament, and of one of the Sacred Books
Josias - A pious King of Juda (639-608 B.C.), who ascended the throne when he was only eight years of age. He was the son of Amon and the grandson of Manasses
Josue - The name of eight persons in the Old Testament, and of one of the Sacred Books
Joubert, Joseph - French philosopher; b. at Martignac (Dordogne), 7 May, 1754, d. at Villeneuve-le-Roi (Yonne), 4 May 1824
Jouffroy, Claude-François-Dorothée de - Mechanician, b. at Abbans, near Besancon, 30 Sept., 1751; d. at Paris, 18 July, 1832
Jouffroy, Jean de - French prelate and statesman; b. at Luxeuil (Franche-Comte) about 1412; d. at the priory of Rulli, in the Diocese of Bourges, 24 November, 1473
Jouin, Louis - Linguist, philosopher, author, b. at Berlin, 14 June, 1818, d. at New York, 10 June, 1899
Jouvancy, Joseph de - Poet, pedagogue, philologist, and historian, b. at Paris, 14 September, 1643; d. at Rome, 29 May, 1719
Jouvenet, Jean - French painter, b. at Rouen in 1644, d. at Paris, 5 April, 1717
Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de - Spanish statesman and man of letters, at Gijon, Asturias, 5 Jan., 1744, d. at Puerto de Vega on the borders of Asturias, 27 Nov., 1811
Jovinianus - An opponent of Christian asceticism in the fourth century, condemned as a heretic (390)
Jovianus, Flavius Claudius - Roman Emperor, 363-4
Jovius, Paulus - Historian, b. at Como, Italy, 9 April, 1483, d. at Florence, 11 Dec., 1552
Joyeuse, Henri, Duc de - Born in 1563 and not, as is mistakenly stated in the 'Biographic Michaud', in 1567; died at Rivoli, 28 Sept., 1608. He was the third son of Marechal Guillaume de Joyeuse, and was a brother of the Admiral Anne de Joyeuse and of the prelate Francois de Joyeuse
Juan Bautista de Toledo - An eminent Spanish sculptor and architect; b. at Madrid (date not known); d. there 19 May, 1567
Jubilate Sunday - The third Sunday after Easter
Jubilee, Holy Year of - Background information relating to the Jubilee
Jubilee, Year of (Hebrew) - According to the Pentateuchal legislation contained in Leviticus, a Jubilee year is the year that follows immediately seven successive Sabbatic years (the Sabbatic year being the seventh year of a seven-year cycle)
Jubilees, Book of - An apocryphal writing, so called from the fact that the narratives and stories contained in it are arranged throughout in a fanciful chronological system of jubilee-periods of forty-nine years each; each event is recorded as having taken place in such a week of such a month of such a Jubilee year
Juda - The name of one of the Patriarchs, the name of the tribe reputed to be descended from him, the name of the territory occupied by the same, and also the name of several persons mentioned in the Old Testament
Judaism - Judaism designates the religious communion which survived the destruction of the Jewish nation by the Assyrians and the Babylonians
Judaizers - A party of Jewish Christians in the Early Church, who either held that circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic Law were necessary for salvation and in consequence wished to impose them on the Gentile converts, or who at least considered them as still obligatory on the Jewish Christians
Judas Iscariot - The Apostle who betrayed Jesus
Judas Machabeus - Third son of the priest Mathathias who with his family was the centre and soul of the patriotic and religious revolt of the Jews against the King of Syria (I Mach., ii, 4)
Judde, Claude - French preacher and spiritual father; born at Rouen, about 20 December, 1661; died at Paris, 11 March, 1735
Jude, Epistle of Saint - One of the so-called antilegomena; but, although its canonicity has been questioned in several Churches, its genuineness has never been denied
Judea - It designates the part of Palestine adjacent to Jerusalem and inhabited by the Jewish community after their return from captivity
Judge, Ecclesiastical - An ecclesiastical person who possesses ecclesiastical jurisdiction either in general or in the strict sense
Judges, The Book of - The seventh book of the Old Testament, second of the Early Prophets of the Hebrew canon
Judgment, Divine - Divine judgment (judicium divinum), as an immanent act of God, denotes the action of God's retributive justice by which the destiny of rational creatures is decided according to their merits and demerits
Judgment, General - To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the 'Day of the Lord' (Joel 3:4; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine
Judgment, Last - To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the 'Day of the Lord' (Joel 3:4; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine
Judgment, Particular - The Catholic doctrine of the particular judgment is this: that immediately after death the eternal destiny of each separated soul is decided by the just judgment of God
Judica Sunday - Name given to the fifth Sunday of Lent, and derived from the first words of the Introit of that day
Judith, Book of - The book exists in distinct Greek and Latin versions, of which the former contains at least eighty-four verses more than the later
Julian and Basilissa, Saints - Husband and wife, of whom little is known except that he was martyred in the Diocletian persecution. According to later legend, Basilissa was the founder of a monastery
Julian of Eclanum - Born about 386; died in Sicily, 454; the most learned among the leaders of the Pelagian movement and Bishop of Eclanum near Beneventum
Julian of Speyer - A famous composer, poet, and historian of the thirteenth century, b. at Speyer, d. at Paris about 1250
Juliana, Saint - Martyred in the Diocletian persecution. The oldest notice says that she died near Naples; the notion that she lived in Nicomedia is strictly legendary
Juliana Falconieri, Saint - Niece of St. Alexis Falconieri. She founded the Servite Third Order, and died in 1341
Juliana of Liège, Saint - Devoted to the Blessed Sacrament, lobbied for the institution of the feast of Corpus Christi, d. 1258
Juliana of Norwich - Biographical article on this fourteenth-century English anchoress, mystic, author. By Edmund Gardner
Julian the Apostate - Roman emperor 361-63, b. at Constantinople in 331, d. 26 June, 363, son of Julius Constantius, the half-brother of Constantine the Great
Julia Billiart, Saint - Biographical article on the founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. She died in 1816
Julie Billiart, Saint - Biographical article on the founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. She died in 1816
Juliopolis - Titular see in the province of Bithynia Secunda, suffragan of Nicaea
Julitta and Quiricus - Martyrs in the Diocletian persecution
Julius I, Pope Saint - A Roman, anti-Arian, supporter of St. Athanasius. Julius died in 352
Julius II, Pope - Born on 5 December, 1443, at Albissola near Savona; crowned on 28 November, 1503; died at Rome, in the night of 20-21 February, 1513
Julius III, Pope - Born at Rome, 10 September, 1487; died there, 23 March, 1555
Julius Africanus - The father of Christian chronography
Jumièges, Abbey of - Founded in 634 by St. Philibert, who had been the companion of Sts. Ouen and Wandrille at the Merovingian court
Jungmann, Bernard - A dogmatic theologian and ecclesiastical historian, born at Muenster in Westphalia, 1 March, 1833; died at Louvain, 12 Jan., 1895
Jungmann, Josef - In 1850 he entered the German College at Rome, and was ordained priest in 1855. He afterwards joined the Society of Jesus
Junípero Serra - Biography of the famed Franciscan priest, missionary to Mexico and California, who died in 1784
Jurisdiction, Ecclesiastical - The right to guide and rule the Church of God
Jussieu, De - Name of five French botanists
Jus Spolii - A claim, exercised in the Middle Ages, of succession to the property of deceased clerics, at least such as they had derived from their ecclesiastical benefices
Juste - The name conventionally applied to a family of Italian sculptors, whose real name was Betti, originally from San Martino a Mensola, near Florence
Justice - In its ordinary and proper sense, signifiies the most important of the cardinal virtues
Justification - A biblio-ecclesiastical term; which denotes the transforming of the sinner from the state of unrighteousness to the state of holiness and sonship of God
Justin de Jacobis, Blessed - Italian, a Lazarist priest, titular bishop of Nilopolis, d. 1860
Justinian I - Roman Emperor (527-65)
Justin Martyr, Saint - Lengthy article on the life and teachings of the apologist
Justina and Cyprian, Saints - Christians of Antioch martyred at Nicomedia, 26 September, 304. Already in the same century, quite a colorful legend arose about them
Justiniani, Benedetto - Theological and Biblical writer (1550-1622)
Justiniani, Nicholas - Benedictine monk, dispensed from his vows, never formally beatified
Justinianopolis - A titular see of Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sebaste
Justus, Saint - The first bishop of Rochester, and later the fourth archbishop of Canterbury, died possibly in 627
Juvencus, C. Vettius Aquilinus - Fourth-century Christian Latin poet
Juvenile Courts - Tribunals for the trial of children charged with crimes or offences