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1 ὢν ὀκτὼ ἐτῶν Ιωσιας ἐν τῷ βασιλεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ τριάκοντα ἓν ἔτος ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ 2 καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐναντίον κυρίου καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν ὁδοῖς Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν δεξιὰ καὶ ἀριστερά 3 καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀγδόῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔτι παιδάριον ἤρξατο τοῦ ζητῆσαι κύριον τὸν θεὸν Δαυιδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἤρξατο τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τὴν Ιερουσαλημ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλσεων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν χωνευτῶν 4 καὶ κατέσπασεν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ τὰ θυσιαστήρια τῶν Βααλιμ καὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ τὰ ἐ{P'} αὐτῶν καὶ ἔκοψεν τὰ ἄλση καὶ τὰ γλυπτὰ καὶ τὰ χωνευτὰ συνέτριψεν καὶ ἐλέπτυνεν καὶ ἔρριψεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τῶν μνημάτων τῶν θυσιαζόντων αὐτοῖς 5 καὶ ὀστᾶ ἱερέων κατέκαυσεν ἐπὶ τὰ θυσιαστήρια καὶ ἐκαθάρισεν τὸν Ιουδαν καὶ τὴν Ιερουσαλημ 6 καὶ ἐν πόλεσιν Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση καὶ Συμεων καὶ Νεφθαλι καὶ τοῖς τόποις αὐτῶν κύκλῳ 7 καὶ κατέσπασεν τὰ ἄλση καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήρια καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα κατέκοψεν λεπτὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἔκοψεν ἀπὸ πάσης τῆς γῆς Ισραηλ καὶ ἀπέστρεψεν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ | 1 Josias was eight years old when he came to the throne, and his reign at Jerusalem lasted thirty-one years; 2 he was obedient to the Lord’s will, and followed the example of his ancestor, king David, never swerving to right or left. 3 It was while he was still a boy, in the eighth year of his reign, that he betook himself to the God his father David worshipped; and in the twelfth year of his reign he rid Juda and Jerusalem of hill-shrine and forest shrine, carved image and molten image. 4 All the altars of the countryside gods must be destroyed in his presence; sacred trees and statues he cut down everywhere and broke in pieces, which he scattered on the tombs of their worshippers; 5 and on the altars that were raised to false gods he burned the bones of their own priests, till Juda and Jerusalem were defiled no more. 6 Then he must carry out the same work of destruction in the cities of Manasses, Ephraim and Simeon, and all the way to Nephthali; 7 altars were thrown down, images crushed to pieces, and shrines demolished, all over the land of Israel; and so he returned to Jerusalem.[1] | 1 Octo annorum erat Josias cum regnare cœpisset, et triginta et uno anno regnavit in Jerusalem. 2 Fecitque quod erat rectum in conspectu Domini, et ambulavit in viis David patris sui: non declinavit neque ad dextram, neque ad sinistram. 3 Octavo autem anno regni sui, cum adhuc esset puer, cœpit quærere Deum patris sui David: et duodecimo anno postquam regnare cœperat, mundavit Judam et Jerusalem ab excelsis, et lucis, simulacrisque et sculptilibus. 4 Destruxeruntque coram eo aras Baalim, et simulacra quæ superposita fuerant, demoliti sunt: lucos etiam et sculptilia succidit atque comminuit, et super tumulos eorum qui eis immolare consueverant, fragmenta dispersit. 5 Ossa præterea sacerdotum combussit in altaribus idolorum, mundavitque Judam et Jerusalem. 6 Sed et in urbibus Manasse, et Ephraim, et Simeon, usque Nephthali, cuncta subvertit. 7 Cumque altaria dissipasset, et lucos et sculptilia contrivisset in frustra, cunctaque delubra demolitus esset de universa terra Israël, reversus est in Jerusalem. |
8 καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ τοῦ καθαρίσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸν οἶκον ἀπέστειλεν τὸν Σαφαν υἱὸν Εσελια καὶ τὸν Μαασιαν ἄρχοντα τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὸν Ιουαχ υἱὸν Ιωαχαζ τὸν ὑπομνηματογράφον αὐτοῦ κραταιῶσαι τὸν οἶκον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτοῦ 9 καὶ ἦλθον πρὸς Χελκιαν τὸν ἱερέα τὸν μέγαν καὶ ἔδωκαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εἰσενεχθὲν εἰς οἶκον θεοῦ ὃ συνήγαγον οἱ Λευῖται φυλάσσοντες τὴν πύλην ἐκ χειρὸς Μανασση καὶ Εφραιμ καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς καταλοίπου ἐν Ισραηλ καὶ υἱῶν Ιουδα καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ οἰκούντων ἐν Ιερουσαλημ 10 καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτὸ ἐπὶ χεῖρα ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα οἱ καθεσταμένοι ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτὸ ποιοῦσι τὰ ἔργα οἳ ἐποίουν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου ἐπισκευάσαι κατισχῦσαι τὸν οἶκον 11 καὶ ἔδωκαν τοῖς τέκτοσι καὶ τοῖς οἰκοδόμοις ἀγοράσαι λίθους τετραπέδους καὶ ξύλα εἰς δοκοὺς στεγάσαι τοὺς οἴκους οὓς ἐξωλέθρευσαν βασιλεῖς Ιουδα 12 καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες ἐν πίστει ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων καὶ ἐ{P'} αὐτῶν ἐπίσκοποι Ιεθ καὶ Αβδιας οἱ Λευῖται ἐξ υἱῶν Μεραρι καὶ Ζαχαριας καὶ Μοσολλαμ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Κααθ ἐπισκοπεῖν καὶ πᾶς Λευίτης πᾶς συνίων ἐν ὀργάνοις ᾠδῶν 13 καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν νωτοφόρων καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ποιούντων τὰ ἔργα ἐργασίᾳ καὶ ἐργασίᾳ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν Λευιτῶν γραμματεῖς καὶ κριταὶ καὶ πυλωροί | 8 Then, in the eighteenth year of his reign, the land and the temple now purged, he commissioned Saphan, son of Eselias, and Maasias that was governor of the city, and Joha son of Joachaz, that kept the records, to see that the house of the Lord their God was put in repair. 9 So they made their way to the high priest, Helcias, who handed over to them the offerings collected by Levites and door-keepers for the temple fabric; offerings from Manasses and Ephraim and all the rest of Israel, as well as Juda, Benjamin and Jerusalem. 10 These they paid out to the overseers of the Lord’s house, bidding them restore it and put it in repair. 11 And they, in their turn, gave it to the craftsmen and masons, that must buy stone from the quarries; wood, too, for joiner’s work, and for roofing the buildings which earlier kings had left in ruins. 12 All this was faithfully carried out; the work was hastened on by these overseers, the Merarites Jahath and Abdias, the Caathites Zacharias and Masollam, Levites all and musicians; 13 the workmen that did but carry burdens at need were under the command of the secretaries and the chief door-keepers. | 8 Igitur anno octavodecimo regni sui, mundata jam terra et templo Domini, misit Saphan filium Eseliæ, et Maasiam principem civitatis, et Joha filium Joachaz a commentariis, ut instaurarent domum Domini Dei sui. 9 Qui venerunt ad Helciam sacerdotem magnum: acceptamque ab eo pecuniam quæ illata fuerat in domum Domini, et quam congregaverant Levitæ, et janitores de Manasse, et Ephraim, et universis reliquiis Israël, ab omni quoque Juda, et Benjamin, et habitatoribus Jerusalem, 10 tradiderunt in manibus eorum qui præerant operariis in domo Domini, ut instaurarent templum, et infirma quæque sarcirent. 11 At illi dederunt eam artificibus et cæmentariis, ut emerent lapides de lapicidinis, et ligna ad commissuras ædificii, et ad contignationem domorum quas destruxerant reges Juda. 12 Qui fideliter cuncta faciebant. Erant autem præpositi operantium Jahath et Abdias de filiis Merari, Zacharias et Mosollam de filiis Caath, qui urgebant opus: omnes Levitæ scientes organis canere. 13 Super eos vero qui ad diversos usus onera portabant, erant scribæ, et magistri de Levitis, janitores. |
14 καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐκφέρειν αὐτοὺς τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εἰσοδιασθὲν εἰς οἶκον κυρίου εὗρεν Χελκιας ὁ ἱερεὺς βιβλίον νόμου κυρίου διὰ χειρὸς Μωυσῆ 15 καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Χελκιας καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς Σαφαν τὸν γραμματέα βιβλίον νόμου εὗρον ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ ἔδωκεν Χελκιας τὸ βιβλίον τῷ Σαφαν 16 καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν Σαφαν τὸ βιβλίον πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ ἀπέδωκεν ἔτι τῷ βασιλεῖ λόγον πᾶν τὸ δοθὲν ἀργύριον ἐν χειρὶ τῶν παίδων σου τῶν ποιούντων τὸ ἔργον 17 καὶ ἐχώνευσαν τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ εὑρεθὲν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου καὶ ἔδωκαν ἐπὶ χεῖρα τῶν ἐπισκόπων καὶ ἐπὶ χεῖρα τῶν ποιούντων ἐργασίαν 18 καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν Σαφαν ὁ γραμματεὺς τῷ βασιλεῖ λέγων βιβλίον ἔδωκέν μοι Χελκιας ὁ ἱερεύς καὶ ἀνέγνω αὐτὸ Σαφαν ἐναντίον τοῦ βασιλέως | 14 It was just when they came to take away the temple offerings that Helcias found a copy of the law which the Lord gave through Moses; 15 and he told Saphan, the secretary, how he had found, there in the temple, a copy of the law, which he gave him to read. 16 Saphan took the book with him when he went to the king to report that the commission had been faithfully executed. 17 They have collected all the money, said he, that was there in the temple, and paid it out through the overseers to craftsmen and to masons. 18 And here is a book the high priest, Helcias, has given me. | 14 Cumque efferrent pecuniam quæ illata fuerat in templum Domini, reperit Helcias sacerdos librum legis Domini per manum Moysi. 15 Et ait ad Saphan scribam: Librum legis inveni in domo Domini: et tradidit ei. 16 At ille intulit volumen ad regem, et nuntiavit ei, dicens: Omnia quæ dedisti in manu servorum tuorum, ecce complentur. 17 Argentum quod repertum est in domo Domini, conflaverunt, datumque est præfectis artificum, et diversa opera fabricantium. 18 Præterea tradidit mihi Helcias sacerdos hunc librum. Quem cum rege præsente recitasset, |
19 καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς λόγους τοῦ νόμου καὶ διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ 20 καὶ ἐνετείλατο ὁ βασιλεὺς τῷ Χελκια καὶ τῷ Αχικαμ υἱῷ Σαφαν καὶ τῷ Αβδων υἱῷ Μιχαια καὶ τῷ Σαφαν τῷ γραμματεῖ καὶ τῷ Ασαια παιδὶ τοῦ βασιλέως λέγων 21 πορεύθητε ζητήσατε τὸν κύριον περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ περὶ παντὸς τοῦ καταλειφθέντος ἐν Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδα περὶ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τοῦ εὑρεθέντος ὅτι μέγας ὁ θυμὸς κυρίου ἐκκέκαυται ἐν ἡμῖν διότι οὐκ εἰσήκουσαν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν τῶν λόγων κυρίου τοῦ ποιῆσαι κατὰ πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ 22 καὶ ἐπορεύθη Χελκιας καὶ οἷς εἶπεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς Ολδαν τὴν προφῆτιν γυναῖκα Σελλημ υἱοῦ Θακουαθ υἱοῦ Χελλης φυλάσσουσαν τὰς στολάς καὶ αὕτη κατῴκει ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἐν μασανα καὶ ἐλάλησαν αὐτῇ κατὰ ταῦτα 23 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς οὕτως εἶπεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ εἴπατε τῷ ἀνδρὶ τῷ ἀποστείλαντι ὑμᾶς πρός με 24 οὕτως λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπάγω κακὰ ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον τοὺς πάντας λόγους τοὺς γεγραμμένους ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τῷ ἀνεγνωσμένῳ ἐναντίον τοῦ βασιλέως Ιουδα 25 ἀν{Q'} ὧν ἐγκατέλιπόν με καὶ ἐθυμίασαν θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἵνα παροργίσωσίν με ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐξεκαύθη ὁ θυμός μου ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ καὶ οὐ σβεσθήσεται 26 καὶ ἐπὶ βασιλέα Ιουδα τὸν ἀποστείλαντα ὑμᾶς τοῦ ζητῆσαι τὸν κύριον οὕτως ἐρεῖτε αὐτῷ οὕτως λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ τοὺς λόγους οὓς ἤκουσας 27 καὶ ἐνετράπη ἡ καρδία σου καὶ ἐταπεινώθης ἀπὸ προσώπου μου ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαί σε τοὺς λόγους μου ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐτὸν καὶ ἐταπεινώθης ἐναντίον μου καὶ διέρρηξας τὰ ἱμάτιά σου καὶ ἔκλαυσας κατεναντίον μου καὶ ἐγὼ ἤκουσά φησιν κύριος 28 ἰδοὺ προστίθημί σε πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας σου καὶ προστεθήσῃ πρὸς τὰ μνήματά σου ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ οὐκ ὄψονται οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς κακοῖς οἷς ἐγὼ ἐπάγω ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας αὐτόν καὶ ἀπέδωκαν τῷ βασιλεῖ λόγον | 19 This book, then, Saphan read out in the royal presence; and the king, upon hearing the terms of the law, rent his garments about him. 20 Then he gave orders to Helcias, and Ahicam son of Saphan, and Abdon son of Micha, and Asaas, one of his courtiers; 21 Go and consult the Lord,[2] he told them, for me and all that is left of Israel and Juda, about this new-found copy of the law. What wonder if the Lord should rain down vengeance on us, a race that has left his warnings unheeded, his bidding undone? 22 So Helcias and his companions went on the king’s errand to the prophetess Olda. She was wife to Sellum, son of Thecuath, son of Hasra, that once kept the royal wardrobe; her dwelling was at Jerusalem, in the new part of the city. So they told her their business, 23 and she, in return, gave them this message from the Lord God of Israel for the man that sent them; 24 Thus says the Lord, For this city and its citizens I have punishments in store, all the punishments threatened in yonder book which has been read out to the king of Juda. 25 The men of Juda have forsaken me, and offered sacrifice to alien gods; all they do is done in defiance of me; the fire of my vengeance must needs rain down on this city, and there is no quenching it. 26 But to the king of Juda, who sent you here to consult the Lord, give this message from the Lord God of Israel: Well for thee thou didst listen to the warnings this book gave thee! 27 Well for thee that thy heart failed thee, and thou didst humble thyself before God, at hearing him threaten city and citizens with doom; that thou didst make amends, by tearing thy garments about thee, and hadst recourse to me with tears. 28 And thou hast won my audience, the Lord says; I will lay thee to rest with thy fathers, in quiet times thou shalt go to thy grave. Not for thy eyes the great calamities I mean to bring on city and citizens of thine. | 19 audissetque ille verba legis, scidit vestimenta sua: 20 et præcepit Helciæ, et Ahicam filio Saphan, et Abdon filio Micha, Saphan quoque scribæ, et Asaæ servo regis, dicens: 21 Ite, et orate Dominum pro me, et pro reliquiis Israël et Juda, super universis sermonibus libri istius, qui repertus est: magnus enim furor Domini stillavit super nos, eo quod non custodierint patres nostri verba Domini ut facerent omnia quæ scripta sunt in isto volumine. 22 Abiit ergo Helcias, et hi qui simul a rege missi fuerant, ad Oldam prophetidem, uxorem Sellum filii Thecuath filii Hasra custodis vestium, quæ habitabat in Jerusalem in Secunda: et locuti sunt ei verba quæ supra narravimus. 23 At illa respondit eis: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Dicite viro qui misit vos ad me: 24 Hæc dicit Dominus: Ecce ego inducam mala super locum istum et super habitatores ejus, cunctaque maledicta quæ scripta sunt in libro hoc, quem legerunt coram rege Juda. 25 Quia dereliquerunt me, et sacrificaverunt diis alienis, ut me ad iracundiam provocarent in cunctis operibus manuum suarum, idcirco stillabit furor meus super locum istum, et non extinguetur. 26 Ad regem autem Juda, qui misit vos pro Domino deprecando, sic loquimini: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Israël: Quoniam audisti verba voluminis, 27 atque emollitum est cor tuum, et humiliatus es in conspectu Dei super his quæ dicta sunt contra locum hunc et habitatores Jerusalem, reveritusque faciem meam scidisti vestimenta tua, et flevisti coram me: ego quoque exaudivi te, dicit Dominus. 28 Jam enim colligam te ad patres tuos, et infereris in sepulchrum tuum in pace: nec videbunt oculi tui omne malum quod ego inducturus sum super locum istum, et super habitatores ejus. Retulerunt itaque regi cuncta quæ dixerat. |
29 καὶ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ συνήγαγεν τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους Ιουδα καὶ Ιερουσαλημ 30 καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς οἶκον κυρίου καὶ πᾶς Ιουδα καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ιερουσαλημ καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ Λευῖται καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἀπὸ μεγάλου ἕως μικροῦ καὶ ἀνέγνω ἐν ὠσὶν αὐτῶν τοὺς πάντας λόγους βιβλίου τῆς διαθήκης τοῦ εὑρεθέντος ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου 31 καὶ ἔστη ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τὸν στῦλον καὶ διέθετο διαθήκην ἐναντίον κυρίου τοῦ πορευθῆναι ἐνώπιον κυρίου τοῦ φυλάσσειν τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ καὶ μαρτύρια αὐτοῦ καὶ προστάγματα αὐτοῦ ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ ψυχῇ τοὺς λόγους τῆς διαθήκης τοὺς γεγραμμένους ἐπὶ τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ 32 καὶ ἔστησεν πάντας τοὺς εὑρεθέντας ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ιερουσαλημ διαθήκην ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου θεοῦ πατέρων αὐτῶν | 29 When they brought the king his answer, he summoned all the elders of Juda and Jerusalem; 30 then he went up to the Lord’s temple, and all the men of Juda bore him company, all the citizens of Jerusalem, priest and Levite and common folk high and low. There, in their hearing, he read the whole book out to them. 31 Standing on the dais, he made a promise, there in the Lord’s presence; they would make the Lord their leader, holding fast by command and decree and observance of his, heart and soul, obeying all the terms of the law they had listened to. 32 And he bound them by an oath, all the men of Jerusalem and of Benjamin. This pact with the Lord God of their fathers was kept loyally.[3] | 29 At ille convocatis universis majoribus natu Juda et Jerusalem, 30 ascendit in domum Domini, unaque omnes viri Juda et habitatores Jerusalem, sacerdotes et Levitæ, et cunctus populus a minimo usque ad maximum. Quibus audientibus in domo Domini, legit rex omnia verba voluminis: 31 et stans in tribunali suo, percussit fœdus coram Domino ut ambularet post eum, et custodiret præcepta, et testimonia, et justificationes ejus in toto corde suo, et in tota anima sua, faceretque quæ scripta sunt in volumine illo, quod legerat. 32 Adjuravit quoque super hoc omnes qui reperti fuerant in Jerusalem et Benjamin: et fecerunt habitatores Jerusalem juxta pactum Domini Dei patrum suorum. |
33 καὶ περιεῖλεν Ιωσιας τὰ πάντα βδελύγματα ἐκ πάσης τῆς γῆς ἣ ἦν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἐποίησεν πάντας τοὺς εὑρεθέντας ἐν Ιερουσαλημ καὶ ἐν Ισραηλ τοῦ δουλεύειν κυρίῳ θεῷ αὐτῶν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν κυρίου θεοῦ πατέρων αὐτοῦ | 33 So Josias swept away from the whole realm of Israel all detestable worship, and made the remnant that were left in Israel obey the Lord their God. Never again did they forsake the Lord, their fathers’ God, while Josias’ life lasted. | 33 Abstulit ergo Josias cunctas abominationes de universis regionibus filiorum Israël: et fecit omnes qui residui erant in Israël, servire Domino Deo suo. Cunctis diebus ejus non recesserunt a Domino Deo patrum suorum. |
[1] These reforms are mentioned in IV Kg. 23 as if they had happened only after the rediscovery of the law in Josias’ eighteenth year. It seems probable that the author of that book mentioned them out of their historical order, as a more logical arrangement.
[2] The Latin here has ‘Intercede with the Lord’, but the word used in the Hebrew text is the same as that used in IV Kg. 22.13.
[3] vv. 8-32, cf. IV Kg. 22.3 to 23.3.
Knox Translation Copyright © 2013 Westminster Diocese
Nihil Obstat. Father Anton Cowan, Censor.
Imprimatur. +Most Rev. Vincent Nichols, Archbishop of Westminster. 8th January 2012.
Re-typeset and published in 2012 by Baronius Press Ltd